ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱣᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱜᱚᱛᱷᱟᱱ-ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱢ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ᱾
ᱟᱞᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ 3.2, https: - jạnum jạruṛan jạruṛa jạruṛa jạruṛan jạruṛokka jạruṛokka jạruṛokka jạsti koohabookookobookookop.com [5] ᱾ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ £6.85 ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ: ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱟᱵᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱤᱱ, ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ, ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ, ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ, ᱯᱞᱟᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱞᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱹᱢᱩᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱺ
ᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱖, ᱑᱙᱖, ᱟᱭᱤ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱙᱖᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ:
ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱭᱳᱨᱳᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱾
ᱟᱞᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱺ
ᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ 0.00 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱞᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ᱾
ᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨᱯᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱣᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱱᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱟᱶᱟ:
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
ᱫᱟᱲᱮ:
α=, ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣᱠᱚ:
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ, ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ: ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱚᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ
ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱚᱢᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
ᱮᱱᱮᱥᱛᱷᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱨᱭᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
|
) (ᱮᱢ) |
ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟᱢᱤᱠᱥ (ᱰᱤ) |
ᱢᱮᱪᱤᱝ (ᱴᱤᱢ) ᱠᱚᱢ |
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ (ᱮᱢ) |
ᱰᱟᱭᱱᱟᱢᱤᱠ (ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚᱥᱯᱮᱥ)᱾ |
|
M3 |
3.0 |
0.5 – 2.0 |
9-11 |
4.9-5.1 |
|
M4 |
4.0 |
0.5 – 3.0 |
11-13 |
6.0-6.2 |
|
M5 |
5.0 |
0.5 – 3.5 |
13-15 |
7.0-7.2 |
|
M6 |
6.0 |
0.5 – 4.0 |
15-18 |
9.0-9.2 |
|
M8 |
8.0 |
1.0 – 5.0 |
18-21 |
11.0-11.2 |
|
M10 |
10.0 |
1.0 – 6.0 |
21-24 |
13.0-13.2 |
|
M12 |
12.0 |
1.5 – 6.5 |
25-28 |
15.0-15.2 |
ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱮᱱᱮᱥᱛᱷᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱯᱞᱟᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ: ᱰᱤᱯ᱾
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱾
ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱺ
ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ, ᱥᱞᱟᱭᱤᱰᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ ᱾
ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ: ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱾
ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾
ᱮᱱᱣᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ
ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ:
ᱵᱷᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
01
ᱚᱴᱚᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ: ᱚᱴᱚᱢᱚᱵᱟᱭᱤᱞ
ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱞᱩᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾
02
ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱺ
https://shoupers ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
03
ᱯᱞᱟᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ:
ᱜᱡᱚᱴᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ, ᱥᱟᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾
04
ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ: ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ
https://www.imphockia.com, ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱵᱚᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
05
ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮ
https://teptions ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱤᱱ, ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱜᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱞᱟᱭᱤᱰ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱨᱮᱠᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ
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ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ |
ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱚ |
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ᱥᱮᱵᱟ |
ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ, |
ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱴ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱᱟᱱ, ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾